Reader Participation Day: Should The NPS Conduct Environmental Studies In Building Air Tour Plans?

As the National Park Service and Federal Aviation Administration roll out air tour management plans for parks in the West, critics say the agencies failed to follow the National Environmental Policy Act by not conducting environmental studies in developing the plans. Park overflights can provide a unique perspective of viewing national parks, but should the Park Service be required to conduct environmental studies as called for under NEPA to help in designing air tour management plans?

For instance, in recently released plans for Bryce Canyon, Arches, and Canyonlands national parks in Utah, the plans:

• Don't seem to have considered a ban on air tours.
• Don't seem to include any sound measurements taken of air traffic noise at ground level in wilderness and non-wilderness areas of the park, levels that could be used to determine whether the aircraft currently are too loud, or to set base levels for aircraft noise.
• Don't require tour operators to have “quiet technology” installed on their aircraft, but allow those that have installed it to fly later in the day than those that haven't.
• Don't appear to have conducted visitor surveys to gauge public’s opinion of air tours and whether they benefit or detract from their park visit.

The Traveler has reached out to staff at the Utah parks to ask about those matters, but has yet to hear back. A request for Park Service Director Chuck Sams' view of the need for NEPA compliance has not solicited a reply.

Commercial air tours have occurred over national parks for many years without defined operating parameters. In producing these plans, National Park Service staff say they are designed to "protect national park resources and values by providing continued education and management oversight.  "

However, outside groups such as Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility, have criticized the NPS and FAA for avoiding environmental reviews called for by NEPA in designing the management plans. According to PEER, the agencies are claiming "categorical exclusions" — claims that air tours won't have a significant impact on either the visitor experience or natural and cultural resources of a park — for bypassing the entire NEPA process.

It was 20 years ago that the National Park Air Tour Management Act of 2000 was implemented and required the FAA, in coordination with the NPS, to set limits on overflight numbers, timing, and routes to protect park resources and the visitor experience from noise and disruption in any park with more than 50 overflights a year. 

An exception to the current approach parks are taking with developing these plans can be seen at Glacier National Park. Park staff there say the overflights harm the visitor experience. In its air tour management plan the park calls for all commercial air tours to be phased out by the end of 2029.

The preservation of natural sounds, protection of natural and cultural resources, wilderness character, and preserving visitor experience by addressing noise issues are priority NPS management objectives for the Park. The Park’s General Management Plan sets management direction to address commercial air tours by working with the FAA to phase out these tours. The ATMP accomplishes this goal first through attrition but, because corporations may exist indefinitely, sets December 31, 2029, thirty years after the Park’s General Management Plan was established, as a sunset date after which time no commercial air tours would be authorized over the Park or within ½ mile of its boundary. -- Glacier Air Tour Management Plan

According to the Glacier plan, "[A] major complaint that the NPS receives from visitors at the Park is the intrusion that overflights have on opportunities for solitude, hearing natural sounds, and views without aircraft within the Park."