Golden Eagle Found In Yellowstone National Park Died Of Lead Poisoning

April 16, 2019
Phantom Lake locator map/NPS

A golden eagle whose carcass was found near Phantom Lake in December died from lead poisoning/NPS

Lead poisoning, most likely acquired from eating carrion left behind by hunters, killed a golden eagle whose carcass was found in Yellowstone National Park just months after she had been fitted with a radio transmitter.

Biologists were able to recover the carcass near Phantom Lake on the Blacktail Plateau in December by following the last location indicated by the transmitter, which had been placed on the eagle in the park last August. A recent lab necropsy indicated the cause of death was lead poisoning. Levels found in the golden eagle were extremely high and well over lethal toxicity, a park release said.

The marked raptor was part of a study to understand productivity, movements, survival, and cause of death in Yellowstone. The study is being conducted and funded by Yellowstone National Park, the University of Montana, Yellowstone Forever, and the U.S. Geological Survey.

Transmitter data revealed that the eagle ranged extensively north of the park during the 2018 autumn hunting season before it died. Hunter-provided carrion, especially elk gut piles, is an important food resource for golden eagles and other avian scavengers. The lead levels in the marked eagle indicated it likely ate carrion that contained lead fragments.

If carrion contain lead fragments, they can be deadly to scavengers. Lead is an environmental toxin well known for its capability to directly impact wildlife. Studies by Craighead Beringia South, a non-profit research institute based in Kelly, Wyoming, have shown that fragmented bullets often stay in the discarded remains of wild game and subsequently enter the food chain as they are consumed by other animals. Lead poisoning can result when wildlife species ingest the toxic materials.

In November of 2011 and March 2015, Craighead Beringia South researchers from Livingston, Montana, also documented mortalities from elevated lead levels of two golden eagles that ranged north of the park.

Non-lead ammunition is safer for birds. While the Obama administration banned lead shot and lead fishing tackle, former Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke overturned the ban in March 2017 on his first day in office, saying it "was issued without significant communication, consultation or coordination with affected stakeholders."

Lead shot long has been considered the No. 1 killer of condors in the wild.

You can read more about non-lead ammunition programs at The National Elk Refuge and Grand Teton National Park.   

Golden eagles are large, long-lived raptors that feed on many medium-sized mammals, birds, and carrion. Yellowstone considers golden eagles a species of concern. Learn more.

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