You are here

Traveler's View: This Is No Way To Manage National Parks

Share

Published Date

September 1, 2019

When it comes to managing the National Park System, the example before us is clearly not the right way. In this case, we're referring to Interior Secretary David Bernhardt and de facto National Park Service Director P. Dan Smith on, most recently, the topic of eBikes in the parks.

Bernhardt seems to treat the parks as his fiefdom to manage to the benefit of his industry friends. For Smith, well, he follows the secretary's lead. 

Evidence of that arose at the end of 2018, when the partial government shutdown arrived. While the National Park System was closed during past government shutdowns, Bernhardt wanted it kept open, and Smith agreed. They even agreed, after piles of garbage arose and restrooms turned disgusting, to divert Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act dollars to pay for custodial staff.

We know, of course, that keeping the parks open wasn't the best decision. One of Joshua Tree National Park's iconic trees was cut down, a backcountry traveler in Big Bend National Park broke his leg and was extremely fortunate to encounter an off-duty ranger, who carried him on his back for two miles, and off-roaders went where they shouldn't in Death Valley National Park. How many other issues arose during the partial shutdown is hard to know, as Interior is dragging its feet on responding to Freedom of Information Act requests.

That the Interior secretary would open the gates to allow eBikes to motor down park trails where traditional bicycles can roll shouldn't be surprising. Back in November 2018, during a meeting of the “Made in America” Outdoor Recreation Advisory Committee, one committee member, Phil Morlock, a vice president at Shimano North America Holdings, pointed out that Interior policy at the time banned eBikes from some areas of public lands because they were considered to be motorized vehicles.

"He suggested that this specific case be used as an example to review existing DOI policy issues which prevent outdoor recreationists from using new technology on public lands," draft minutes from the meeting noted.

While it isn't surprising that Bernhardt issued a secretarial order last week to allow greater eBike access (will privately owned drones get clearance next?), how he did, and how Smith responded in a press release for the public and a directive to his superintendents, are examples of how not to manage the parks. Or any business.

There had been an agreement to issue the policy this coming Thursday, but Bernhardt surprised more than a few folks, including some in the National Park Service, by releasing it last Thursday evening. In his secretarial order, Bernhardt said that within two weeks from last Thursday all three classes of eBikes must be exempted from being considered motorized vehicles within the park system.

Within 30 days, Bernhardt went on, he wanted to see summaries of any policy changes needed to increase eBike access to the parks, of any laws or regulations that stand in the way of such access, and a timeline for seeking public comment on changing any regulations to allow greater eBike access. At that time, as well, he wanted the National Park Service to provide visitors with guidance on where they could ride their eBikes.

In other words, first grant eBike access to park visitors and then explain how to make it neat and legal. Even though, Bernhardt should have engaged the public, the various trail groups, communities around parks, and other park users before he released the policy. Oh, and maybe evaluated potential visitor conflicts, impacts to wildlife and cultural resources, cost of enforcement—but that would have made his decision informed rather than seemingly haphazard. 

As for Smith, he sent out a press release Friday stating that the Park Service has "a new electric bicycle policy for national parks..." Nevermind that under 36 CFR Section 1.5 the Park Service needs to go through rulemaking steps before it can adopt such a policy.

But there's more that's baffling when you read Smith's press release and his directive to superintendents. For instance:

* "The operator of an e-bike may only use the motor to assist pedal propulsion," stated Smith's release. "The motor may not be used to propel an e-bike without the rider also pedaling, except in locations open to public motor vehicle traffic." 

So, how many park rangers will be needed to monitor whether eBikers are pedaling or not?

* "Park superintendents will retain the right to limit, restrict, or impose conditions of bicycle use and e-bike use in order to ensure visitor safety and resource protection," the release added. "Over the coming month, superintendents will work with their local communities, staff, and partners to determine best practices and guidance for e-bike use in their parks."

So, on one hand Bernhardt is calling for more eBike access, as is Smith ... unless superintendents disagree. And while Bernhardt is calling for 30 days to pass before a public comment period is scheduled, Smith expects superintendents to get that done over the next 30 days. A tight schedule to say the least, if all the steps are followed.

But Smith is making it easy for superintendents to get by without much, if any, public comment. In a memorandum sent to them Friday the acting NPS director said superintendents "must" add language to their compendia (the on-the-ground rulebook used in individual parks for managing uses) to allow eBikes where "traditional bikes are allowed," and he even provided a fill-in-the-blank form for getting the job done.

Furthermore, Smith directed superintendents to adopt existing state laws pertaining to eBikes where their park is found. They also must comply with 36 CFR Section 1.7, which pertains to public notice, he added (if only, perhaps, to say he wanted public comment). He also told them to adhere to the National Environmental Policy Act, though Smith also pointed out that to meet Bernhardt's directive superintendents will resort to making a "categorial exclusion" that shortcuts the process. 

What will be interesting to see is whether those parks that have blocked eBike use on trails now will be forced to do a 180.

You can argue whether eBikes have a place on hiking trails in the parks, but if you want to go through the rulemaking channels established under the Code of Federal Regulations and be circumspect with your decision-making, the approach Bernhardt and Smith took is not the handbook to follow.

The end result is not only a poor, disjointed example of how to manage "America's best idea," but it does a disservice to all recreational users of the parks, including eBikers. Instead of having a well-thought-out policy for recreation, this just muddies the waters, poses a threat to resources and other park users, and could end up in court. 

Comments

Ypw, so just to make sure I'm not misrepresenting anything let me restate my words.

Federal regulations clearly state that a class 1 or 2 ebikes is not a motor vehicle and as a consumer product needs to meet the requirements of that are applied to bicycles. There is no exact wording that states we need to treat ebikes as bicycles. States can make their own regulations that would supercede the Federal regulations in some situations especially on roadways, bike paths and sidewalks.

That being true, in my opinion, most have adopted the 3 class rules as implemented in 2016. They grayest area has been single track usage primarily due to prevelance of bike groups at the beginning not wanting to share the paths with ebikes and using cheating terminologies. Most of this has been squashed in the last coupleyears due to reasonable bike enthusiasts and articles making fun of such an attitude. Of course you would likely have to be tied into the mountain bike community to be caught up on such things.

I hope that helps you feel like I haven't been untruthful. I apologise if I was misleading in anyway.


Ypw, so just to make sure I'm not misrepresenting anything let me restate my words.

Federal regulations clearly state that a class 1 or 2 ebikes is not a motor vehicle and as a consumer product needs to meet the requirements of that are applied to bicycles. There is no exact wording that states we need to treat ebikes as bicycles. States can make their own regulations that would supercede the Federal regulations in some situations especially on roadways, bike paths and sidewalks.

That being true, in my opinion, most have adopted the 3 class rules as implemented in 2016. They grayest area has been single track usage primarily due to prevelance of bike groups at the beginning not wanting to share the paths with ebikes and using cheating terminologies. Most of this has been squashed in the last coupleyears due to reasonable bike enthusiasts and articles making fun of such an attitude. Of course you would likely have to be tied into the mountain bike community to be caught up on such things.

I hope that helps you feel like I haven't been untruthful. I apologise if I was misleading in anyway.


Again, everything you post applies only to the definitions of eBikes as it applies to regulation as a consumer product.  It sets the line between where they're regulated for safety and product standards as a consumer product compared to where they're regulated as a motor vehicle.  That's it.

Do you have anything that backs up your previous assertion that federal law or regulation requires that eBikes be treated the same as non-assisted bicycles on where they're allowed to be used?  I can't find anything that suggests that for state or local governments, or where it applies to federal agencies.  And everything I've found suggests that they can be considered as a separate category for allowable access, such as skateboards, hoverboards, electric toy cars, scooters, etc. are regulated.

You've provide a lot of stuff, but none of it says that there's any requirement to allow them where regular bicycles are allowed.  You can provide quotes about speeds and defintions till you're blue in the face, but the matter at hand here is the NPS rule on where eBikes are allowed to be ridden.  And there is NOTHING in federal law or a current regulation that mandates what you claim it mandates.  NOTHING.


Sorry for the double post this site just doesn't work for me


Doug Schneider

I hope that helps you feel like I haven't been untruthful. I apologise if I was misleading in anyway.

Most of my energy on this set of comments was to counter this particular statement of yours, which appeared to be your words and not a quote from anyone else.

This is absolutley true and I love the regulations. Of course federal law classifies ebikes with all other bikes and are allowed on all areas that noramal bikes are allowed. So if your state hasnt passed any laws they are the same as bikes. 

This is patently untrue, and you've simply doubled down on the claim that you were right about it.  However, once that's understood that it's an untrue statement, then this is not about blanket federal mandates that require eBikes to be allowed where regular bikes are allowed, but rather about lobbying for policy decisions that do allow them.


You've provide a lot of stuff, but none of it says that there's any requirement to allow them where regular bicycles are allowed.  You can provide quotes about speeds and defintions till you're blue in the face, but the matter at hand here is the NPS rule on where eBikes are allowed to be ridden.  And there is NOTHING in federal law or a current regulation that mandates what you claim it mandates.  NOTHING.

I tried to make that clear in my last statement and you accept none of it..... Sigh.... Many of those quotes say the exact same thing as me. But what can I say, it seems a lot of people disagree with you, but like I said it's pretty vague. I am no lawyer. At least I have the ability to admit that my statement wasn't clear and restate it more clearly. My intention was to state that the Federal government excludes them from motor vehicles and classifies them as a consumer product with the same guidelines as bikes. But let me just say the arguments have been more misrepresented on the other side. Kurt himself quoted a an article saying deaths have tripled in Switzerland but no mention that ebikes most likely have also. To me that's misrepresenting also. But I will be vilified for something that could be clearly seen to some that the Federal government sees them the same as all consumer products like bikes larks and rollerblades, I guess I am lobby for something, lol.

Either way the prejudice that's been apparent to me and all other ebikes riders on this site by the commenters and even some of the articles is sad. Us reasonable people will give up because we don't have the energy to argue the rediculous assertions of some haters.

weird I don't see you correcting any of these kind of comments when it's clear the Federal government has made a "learc demarcation that they don't qualify as a motorized vehicle in another regulations they have"

Submitted by Longtimemtbr on August 8, 2019 - 8:29pm.

There's a clear demarcation point.  If your bike has a motor it doesn't belong on trails designated for non motorized travel.  Period.  If you don't do this, you open the door for regular Motocross bikes on single track mtb trails.  It's a classic slippery slope.  

reply

Submitted by Longtimemtbr on August 8, 2019 - 8:42pm.

It's not about being crowded - that's misleading.  It's about motorized vs non motorized. As soon as you open trails up for motorized vehicles you will not be able to stop full on motorcycles from riding there.  Who will police that?  From my limited experience with e bikes, I don't believe they damage trails any more than non motorized bikes, but I I've also seen how Motocross bikes have destroyed local mtb trails and am not ok with that at all.

Submitted by I. Moi on September 17, 2019 - 9:01am.

Remember that the technology for eBikes will get better and better making them faster and faster- after all they ARE acctually motorcycles!

reply

Submitted by rumpelstiltskin on September 17, 2019 - 10:09am.

Yes, that's a good point; there truly do differ only by degree, not by kind, from what we all generally call motorcycles and it's now even more only a technical difference since there are electric motorcycles, quite powerful electric motorcycles, out there.  And, the usual knuckleheads can cynically quibble about how questions are or aren't asked, maybe try to claim that millions of votes were cast by illegal immigrants, whatever; but, the roughly 77% majority who opposed allowing electric motorbikes on the trails in the recent Bozeman Daily Chronicle survey still constituted a 77% majority.  I could understand some skepticism if those survey results had been less lopsided; but, a 77% majority is way too much of a majority to just handwave away and ignore

It just shows the true intention when you goafter only the people you wish to suppress


My intention was to state that the Federal government excludes them from motor vehicles and classifies them as a consumer product with the same guidelines as bikes.

You said that federal law allows them where other bikes are allowed.  Again - patently untrue.  The law is simply about who sets product and safety standards.  Nothing more and nothing less.

I am neither a proponent or detractor when it comes to eBikes.  I believe they have their place.  However, I don't stand idly by when a proponent mispresents what the law is in order to try to win an argument.


You said that federal law allows them where other bikes are allowed.  Again - patently untrue.  The law is simply about who sets product and safety standards.  Nothing more and nothing less.

I am neither a proponent or detractor when it comes to eBikes.  I believe they have their place.  However, I don't stand idly by when a proponent mispresents what the law is in order to try to win an argument.

I made my comment based on these and many other articles that say the same thing. I apologise evidently I am patently wrong. I am glad you corrected me. I do not understand the difference between consumer product and motor vehicle enough to say one way or another It was my understanding from what has been said by numerous sources that if the state doesn't define it the Federal government does not veiw them as a motor vehicle and are allowed on roads and bike paths the same as a bike. You don't need registration or license. 

 

https://electricbikereview.com/forum/threads/electric-bike-laws-in-the-u...,'bicycle'%20for%20consumer%20purposes.

State and Local Laws dictate your use, but cannot constitutionally supersede the federal law - Any ebike purchased within the 750W/20mph limits has no fear of being under federal motor vehicle classification, nor can any state classify them a motor vehicle. The ebike is considered a 'bicycle' for consumer purposes. However, the State Laws on local bike paths and local thruways may prohibit or limit ebike access. When bike path signs use word such as 'motor vehicles' and 'motorbikes' , the laws are likely referring to gas-ICE motorbikes/dirt bikes/scooters, and not ebikes. Other references to 'motorized bicycles' or 'motorized vehicles' sound more inclusive and probably are intended for either ebikes or gas mopeds. If in doubt, you always have the option to pedal unassisted by completely powering your bike down. Even though Federal law grant ebikes a bicycle status, the common consensus found in my research allows local and state law to add additional regulation to pathway and road access, just because "it has a motor". So the Federal laws protects the consumer from the burden of motor vehicle requirements, but not the restrictions to local and state right of ways enjoyed by all non-motored bicycles.

https://peopleforbikes.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/E-Bike-Law-Primer-...

Especially this section and notce the bold

Federal Law Governing Low-Speed Electric Bicycles: Electric-assisted bicycles have been defined and regulated at the federal level since 2002. Public Law 107-319 established that electric bicycles are regulated as consumer products under the Consumer Product Safety Act, and more specifically,subject to the same regulations that govern traditional, human-powered bicycles.Thus, electric bicycles are regulated by the Consumer Product Safety Commission, and must comply with the bicycle safety standards at 16 C.F.R. Part 1512. In addition, electric bicycles are explicitly not "motor vehicles" for the purposes of federal law, and are not subject to National Highway Traffic Safety Administration vehicle standards. As a practical matter, Public Law 107-319 ensures that electric bicycles are designed, manufactured, and tested like traditional bicycles for the purposes of consumer product safety law. The main provisions of Public Law 107-319 are codified at 15 U.S.C. SS 2085. 

 

I don't know you or your preferences on anything, it's a knee jerk reaction to all of the missinformation being spouted on here. You have won your argument as I stated earlier against my assumption that ebikes are treated likes bikes by the Federal law. I apologise again for misleading anyone.


The easiest way to explore RV-friendly National Park campgrounds.

The Essential RVing Guide to the National Parks

Here’s the definitive guide to National Park System campgrounds where RVers can park their rigs.

Our app is packed with RVing- specific details on more than 250 campgrounds in more than 70 national parks.

You’ll also find stories about RVing in the parks, tips helpful if you’ve just recently become an RVer, and useful planning suggestions.

The Essential RVing Guide to the National Parks

FREE for iPhones and Android phones.